Telegraphy.



c. KINSLEY.

TELEGRAPHY. APPLICATION FILED AUG-l4, x914.

mmw'ra. Patentd Dec. 11, 191?.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1-.

nnrrnn sra'rns ra'rnn r enrich,

TELEGRAPHY.

Application filed August 141 To all whom it may concern Be it known thatI, Cant l iiivsnnr, a citizen of the United Eltates,residing at Chicago,in the county of Cook and'State of lllinois, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in 'lelegraphy, of which the following is aspecification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawmg.

lvly invention relates to the art oftelegiraphy and especially tomethods of and apparatus for telegraphic transmission at high speeds. Ithas for its objects: (1) to produce a record directly printed in legiblecharacters by the line impulses passing at high speeds, wherein thebodies of theletters will be formed of continuous marks, the differentelements thereof properly abutting; (2) to produce by. means of lineimpulses a directly printed alphabet composed of not exceeding fivecharacters or elements, whereby certain improvements are renderedpossible inthe etliciency of both transmission and receiver; (3) toincrease speed of transmission and certainty of oporation by arrangingthe elements of Which the alphabet is composed so that more than one ofthem can be printed simultaneously for a considerable number of lettersin l which they occur; and (-1) transmitting, re-

ceiving and printinga message backward, so that the receiving tape orsurface may be rolled. or otherwise stored as it is received with theend containing the beginning of the message accessible and ready forsequential perusal. i

The present invention embodies certain improvements over the inventionsdescribed and claimed in Letters Patent No. 1,018,115, granted to meFebruary 20, 1912, and in my prior applications Serial No. 169,228,filed August 12, 1903, and Serial l lo. 403,885, liled ltlovember 26,1007. The present application is in part a continuation of my previousapplication Serial No. 103,885, now Patent No. 1,126,642. In the saidPatent No. 1,120,042 ll showed alive element alphabet and certaincircuits and apparatus which are described herein for forming the some;but the advantages and novel features of the alphabet and of the methodinvolved were not fully elaborated. They will. be described at lengthand fully claimedherein.

lln my Patent No. 1,018,115, and also in my pending application SerialNo. 100,228, disclose a system in which the method of Specification ofLetters Patent.

Patented Dec; 11, lair,

, 191d. filcrial No. 856,835.

receiving involves a balancing of magnetomotive forces by means of lineimpulses in order to release normally distorted printing pens. 1 showtherein a chemical printer for receiving, and l have succeeded by themethod disclosed in producing directly printed messages at very highspeeds. lhe alphabets employed have different numbers of elements, butof all 1 have employed, the present live element alphabet has the great"est advantage for reasons which will heretact with the receiving tape,printing by spark or by the passage of current upon the closure of thelocal circuits at the relay.

1n the present case it is to be understood that l may employ eitherdirect printing or relay printing as described in any of the foregoingapplications and patent, and for the purpose of producing my presentalpha-- bet it is only necessary that the steps in the method beproperly followed, regardless of the specific apparatus employed.

Tlhc manner in which ll attain my objects may be very briefly stated asfollows: (1) I produce a directly printed legible message at high speedswith letters having solid bodies, by arranging five elements so thatthey may be operated in succession, in varying order, and with suchrelation to the travel of the tape that their impressions will overlapor abut and thus produce solid or continuous lines. The live elementalphabet is peculiarly adapted to this purpose, although in claiming theabutting method it shall not limit myself to the specific number ofelements. (2) l. produce the alphabet of not exceeding live charactersby using three differently timed horizontal strokes, and two vertical orinclined strokes, also differently timed. (3)1 increase the speed oftransmission and certainty of operation by taking advantage of the lineretardationto work two of the elei'nent printers on a single impulse,one of them however lagglng :and for the same purpose.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Figure1 is a diagram of one of the local circuits wlth a printing platen andprlnting members with the associated polarized relay enlarged.

YFig. 2 is a side elevation of the printing platen, its associatedprinting members and the printing tape as shown in plan in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a short section of tape shown in plan, to illustrate themethod of printing with the letters inverted and backward, the arrowindicating the direction of feed when reading the tape.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of a complete system used to form eitherof the alphabets shown in Figs. 5 and 9.

Fig. 5 is an alphabet composed of five elements formed with all theelements in each letter abutting.

Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the relative fixed positions of the printingelements for producing the alphabet of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view of a transmitting tape punched to form theletter E.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary view of the receiving tape with the letter Eprinted thereon.

Fig. 9 is a modified form of alphabet.

Fig. 10 is a diagram of the relative fixed positions of the differentprinting elements for producing the alphabet of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary view of the transmitting tape punched to formthe letter E from the elements as arranged in Fig. 10.

, Fig. 12 is a fragmentary view of the receiving tape having the letterE formed thereon by the printing elements as arranged n Fig. 10.

The mechanism of the transmitter for sending the operating electricalimpulses to the relays is substantially like that set forth in theLetters Patent above referred to, differing only in that the contactpins co6p crating with the transmitter tape are five in number insteadof six, and the circuits for the systems herein shown are arrangedaccording to the diagrams of Figs. 3 and 4 herein.

In Fig. 1, I have shown an enlarged detail view', of one of thepolarized relays all of which are of the same mechanical construction.The relay comprises an electro, or per- 7 manent magnet 6, having polepieces 7 and 8 the latter reduced in diameter for a portion of itslength to form a core for the coil 5). The contact spring 16 and theanvil strip 17 are fixed upon the pole piece 7 with their free endsextending into operative relation with the pole 9 and the spring 17insulated from the pole 7 and spring 16. Normally the end of the spring16 is held up to the pole so as to maintain the spring in a. distortedshape, and under tension. This springis of such proportion as to have ahigh natural period, but is attenuated as to mass so as to respond toline impulses of various frequencies. A conductor 18 is connected fromthe spring 16 to the batterv ll. From the opposite side of the batterythe eonunon return conductor 26 leads to the printing platen 27. Thecircuit is completed through the electrode 30 by wire 28 connected tothe anvil contact 17. All of the contacts are mounted in a stationaryinsulating block it) held in any suitable manner upon or over theprinting tape 31 so that all of the printing electrodes 10, 20. 30,etc... are fixed. 'lhe coil 9 is connected to line and when a eurrent ofsuitable direction, strength. or duration, or a combination of any orall of these. according to the magnetic and electrical characteristicsof the particular relay or the retardation of the line, passes throughthe coil, the magnetic flux due to magnet ii i weakened 01' neutralizedto release the con tact spring 16 which then snaps down into engagementwith the anvil contact 17, and the circuit including the conductor 18.bat.- tery B, conductor 26, printing platen 2i. and electrode 30 is thusclosed through the tape. The potential of the battery is sutlicient tocause current to pass through the tape and thus effect a chemicaldecomposition in the tape to print. In Figs. 1 and 2 the motion of thereceiving tape as indicated by the arrows is that required for backwardtransmission, although the alphabets shown here in may be formed equallywell in either direction.

In Fig. 4, I have shown generators l3 and 46 for supplying current forthe transmitting impulses although any of her t wo s urces of current ofconstant potential such as batteries may be used. This system uses a.two-wire line circuit with ground return or three conductors in all.Connection is made between the generator -15 and the platen I? of thetransmitter through the conductors (i2. (i3 and (i5. and betweengenerator [6 and platen .118 through the conductors (l1 and til. Theplatens 4-7 and 4 8 are connected with the line wires 49 and 50respectively. In practice. the contacts (it to (35 may take the form ofbrushes which contact with platens 4-7 and 48 through the apertures ot atape, Relays 71. 73 and 77) are responsive to cur-- rent in a givendirection. for example t'roni the generators at the transmitting endover neaegrve the line wiresand back through ground, while relays 72 and7 4- are responsive to current in the opposite direction as from thegenerator at the transmitting end through ground to the relays and backover the line wires. lliLelay 75 operates only in conjunction with 73and this only upon the transmission of an impulse of relatively highcurrent value, the relay 75 always operat ing a moment later than 73. Itwill be seen that with this circuit arrangement, with the relays71, 74E,grouped so as to be controlled over one line wire and the relays 7 .2,73 and 75 grouped to be controlledovcr the other line wire, that relays71., 74:, 72 and 73 may be indepeiulently operated, that certain pairsof relays may be operated. simultaneously such as 7172 and 73--7'Zl andthat the relays 73 and 75 may be operated on a single impulse oi.sutlicient current strength to operate both, the relay 75 operating amoment later than relay 73. The relay 75, instead of being designed torespond only to an impulse of relatively high current value may bedesigned to respend to an impulse of the same current value as thatrequired for operating 73 but of longer duration.

The operating circuits of the different relays may be traced as follows:relav 71, from generator 46 over conductor 61, platen 48, line wire 50,71, and back over ground through resistance 56 to generator 45; relay74, generator 46, through resistance 57, and ground to relay 74 and backover line wire 50. platen 48, conductor 64 to generator 46; relay 72,from generator 45 through resistances 58, 59 and ground to relay 72 andback over line wire 49, platen 47 and conductor 62 to generator 4L5;relays 73 and 75 with normal impulse for operating 73 only, fromgenerator 45 through resistance 58, conductor 63, platen 4-7, line wire49, 75, 73, and back over ground through resistance 90 to generator 45,while the circuit for relays 7 5 and 73 using impulse of relatively highcurrent value for operating both relays, may be traced from generator45, over conductor 65, platen 47, line wire 4-9, 75, 73 and back throughground and resistance 90 to generator d5.

The alphabet of Fig. 5 is the preferable form and is built up by theprinting elements 1(), 20, etc, of Fig. 1, arranged with the relativespacing shown in Fig. 6, the elements 10, 20, etc., having theircircuits controlled by the relays 71, 72, etc, respectively.

in Fig. 7 the dotted lines marked 1, 2, 3, 4t and 3 and 5 indicate thatportion of the transmitting tape through which the pens or other circuitclosing devices, contactwith the platen for sending an impulse to thedif ferent relays 71, 72, etc.

lln Fig. 8 a section of the receiving tape is shown, bearing the printedletter E, the portions 81, 82, etc, being those which are printed by thedifferent printing elements 10, 20, etc. The arrow indicates thedirection of motion of the tape during the backward printing of theletters. The process of building up each letter of the entire alphabetmay be understood from the descrip tion of that of the letter E which Iwill now set forth.

Assuming that the sections of tape of Figs. 7 and S are moving through asuitable transmitter and a receiver such as that shown in part in Fig.1, respectively, and in the direction as indicated by the arrows, thecircuit of the relay of printing element 40 (Fig. 6) will be closedthrough a perforation in the line lof the transmitting tape and causethe letter element 8 f to be printed on the receiving tape (Fig. 8). lVhen the receiving tape moves through a space equal to the horizontaldistance between elements 4:0 and 30, the circuit of the relaysassociated with elements 30 and 50 (relays 73 and 75) is closed throughan aperture in the line 8 and 5 of the transmitting tape causing first,the letter element 83 to be printed on the receiving tape with its lowerend abutting the letter element 84c to form substantially a straightline, the printed letter element 84 having moved over in line withprinting element 30, and a moment later when the receiving tape hasmoved a distance equal to that between the lower end of 30 and theadjacent end of 50 the letter element o5 is printed on the transmittingtape abutting the lower end of the letter element 83, the printedelement 83 having moved over the necessary distance to bring about thisabutting. When the receiving tape moves through a farther distance equalto the horizontal distance between the lefthand ends of printingelements 50 and 10, the circuit of the relay associated with is closedthrough a perforation in the line 1 of the transmitting tape causing theletter element 81 to be printed on the receiving tape with its left-handend in abutment with the lower end of 84;, and similarly when thetransmitting tape has moved a still farther distance equal to thehorizontal distance between the left-hand ends of printing elements andthe circuit of the relay associated with 9 0 is closed through aperforation in the line 2 of the transmitting tape causing the letterelement 82 to be printed on the receiving tape in abutment with theupper end of 83. It will thus be seen that the arrangement of theprinting elements as shown, in conjunction with the time of printing andthe motion of the tape, effect the production of an alphabet as shown inFig. 5, in which no spaces or gaps are left between those letterelements which should connect, and one that is legible and easily readby the uninitiated. It will also be seen that whenever the letterelements 83 and 85 occur they may be printed by a single impulse.

Referring to Figs. 9, 10, 11 and 12, I have shown a modified form ofalphabet produced by five printing elements arranged as shown in Fig.10, the elements 91, 92, etc., corresponding to the printing elements10, 20, etc., above described. lVith the printing elements arranged asshown in Fig. 10 the vertical elements 93 and 94; are arranged in linewith each other, the horizontal element is spaced a little to the rightwhile the extreme upper and lower horizontal elements 91 and 92 arespaced a little farther to the right and at the same horizontal distancefrom the vertical elements. lVith this arrangement of the printingelements it is possible to operate simultaneously either of the pairs939 1 or 9192. It will also be seen that although the elements 93 and atwill not make abuttingimprints, due to the slight vertical distancebetween them, the space between them will be filled by the abuttingelement 95 whenever used as in the A, B, E, etc., and that in letterswhere the middle horizontal element is not used the space does notdetract from legibility. The method of building up the alphabetandnumerals of Fig. 9 may be understood from a description of that for theletter E which follows:

Assuming that the transmitting tape Fig. 11 is punched as shown which isthat re quired for transmitting the letter E and that this transmittertape and the receiving tape of Fig. 12 are passing through connectedtransmitters and receivers respectively, the holes punched in thetransmitting tape through lines 4 and 3 and 5 pass simultaneously underthe contact pens of the transmitter and cause simultaneous impulses topass over the line wires 49 and 50 (Fig. 4) through relays 73 and 75,and 7% respec tively. Relays 73 and 7st operating simultaneously closethe local circuits of the printing elements 93 and 94 which cause theletter elements 13 and 14 to be printed on the receiving tape. A momentafter, when the receiving tape has traveled a distance equal to thehorizontal distance between the printing elements 93 and 95 theneutralizing effect of the same impulse on relay 75 reaches its maximum,causing said relay to operate and close the local circuit of printingelement 95 which at that instant prints the letter element 15 on thetransmitting tape, the element 15 abutting the letter element 13, andfilling the space between 13 and it. When the receivingtape moves adistance equal to the horizontal distance between the lefthand ends ofthe printing elements 9192 and the vertical printing elements, thetransmitting tape moves sufiiciently to bring the perforations in lines1 and 2 under the con-- tact pens of the transmitter which causessimultaneous impulses to be sent over the lines 19 and 50 to operaterelays 7.1. and 72. The relays 71 and 72 operating close the localcircuits of the printing elements 91 and 92, respectively, which causethe letter elements 11 and 12 to be printed on llle receiving tape withtheir left-hand ends in abutment with the opposite ends of the verticalletter elements.

It will be noted that in the transmitting tapes for either the verticalor slanting alphabet, an extra interval is always allowed between theperforation on the line 3 and 5 and the next succeeding perforation,this in order that the relay 75 will have time to operate and thereceiving tape time to move the printed vertical elements to theleft-hand ends of the extreme horizontal elements before the nextimpulse is transn'litted.

In Fig. 3 I have shown a small piece of tape with the charactersinverted. which is a position I use in some cases to avoid the necessityof reversing the feed of the tape. There are some other advantages whichllow from this inverted printing which it will he understood involvesinverting also the prinl ing elements 10, 20, 30. etc., shown in Fig. land the corresponding elements in l igs. l3 and 10.

It will be noted that the alphabet printed with a forward inclination orslant is somewhat preferable to that printed straight up and down, but Ido not wish to be confined to either one. It is true that the verticalletters of Fig. 9 may be formed wilh their vertical as well as theirhorizontal elements abutting to form solid lines, and therefore myclaims are to be construed so as lo cover any slant backward or forwardas well as the vertical form.

Having thus described my invention what I claim and desire to secure byLetters latcut is 1. The method of producing sequential operation ofprinting electrodes actuated by the same impulse, which consists inadjusting their time constants so that on the rise in line current, oneelectrode will lag behind the other in operation a sullieient length oftime to produce the sequence desired.

2. The method of producing sequential operation of high speedtelegraphic receiving elements operated over a. single wire on the sameimpulse, which consisls in adjusting their electromagnetic timeconstants so that they will become effectively controlled at differentpoints on the line current curve.

3. In a printing telegraph system, a receiver comprising printingelements each adapted to produce upon a record surface a. fractionalportion of letters and numerals in response to electrical impulses, saideleemma ments being shaped and arranged to form an alphabet and numeralsin which a certain one of said fractional portions occurs only inconjunction with a certain other, the printing element for said latterfractional portion being" responsive to the same impulse to Which theprinting element for said former fractional portion responds.

l. In a printing telegraph system, a receiver comprising printingelements each adapted to produce upon a record surface a fractionalportion of letters and numerals, said. elements being shaped andarranged to form an alphabet and numerals in which a certain one of saidfractional portions occurs only in conjunction With a certain other,whereby in the forming of certain letters and numerals the printingelements for both of said certain particular fractional portions may beoperated as one and the number of elements reduced in effect.

5. In a printing telegraph system, a receiver comprising printingelements each adapted to produce upon a record surface a fractionalportion of letters and numerals, said elements being shaped and arrangedto form an alphabet and numerals in which a certain pair of saidfractional portions occur together in the same manner in severalcharacters and means for operating the printing elements for said pairof fractiona]. portions as one.

In testimony whereof ll aliix my signature in presence of two\vitnesses.

Witnesses Fnnn Pearson, Pnrnn Mari-Has.

ttepiee e1 this patent may be obtained for five cents each, byaddressing the tonnnissinner of Patents,

Washington, I G.

